The Value of Virginity in Different Parts of the World Essay Example For Students

The Value of Virginity in Different Parts of the World Essay The purpose of this research is to evaluate the value given to virginity in different parts tooth world. According to Wakefield, a virgin is, originally, a woman who has never had sexual intercourse. Virginity is a state of being a virgin, It is derived trot the Latin word Virgo, meaning a sexually inexperienced woman (Wakefield). There are several reasons why many societies value virginity in unmarried woman or girls. The reasons range from mens dominant nature, to family values, to religion, and to some monetary or proper gain. In most societies, women have always been dominated by men. Men feel more secure to have a virgin bride. It is a source of pride and satisfaction for a man to know that no one else has touched his bride or wife except him. This feeling has driven many societies ideology about the importance Of virginity among young girls, apart from that Virginity is seen as a symbol of purity, self control, and decency (George). Another reason Why virginity was so valued by some societies is because Of the stigma attached to having a bastard child. We will write a custom essay on The Value of Virginity in Different Parts of the World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most families expect their young girls to remain virgins because if they get impregnated before marriage, it becomes he problem of the family to bear the shame of having a bastard born in their family. In addition to that, in many societies, it is just a moral issue-sex is accepted only after marriage (Abramson), With the invention of contraceptives, pregnancy became of less concern, however, the most important reason why virginity is valued in most modern societies is because of religion. In both Christianity and Islam, sex before marriage is condemned In Christianity, it is not only sexual penetration that is condemned, but other lewd sexual activities are also prohibited (George), Virginity is a serious matter in most Islamic countries. From my experience (my wife is from an Islamic country), learned that if a girl loses her virginity, her father can beat or even kill her. There are many instances verge the brothers of these girls were instigated to kill their sisters for losing their virginity. This is just because they (the men) believe that she has brought shame and damnation to their family. Another important reason Why virginity was valued in our history is because marriage used to be a source of gain, either as a dowry or as a contract that benefits the girls family. In some Asian countries, virginity is important because implies want to use their daughters as a source of upward mobility in the society to higher positions, to gain favor of an important family or to keep their high class status or assets. They arrange marriages to suit their needs (Abramson), In the western countries today, virginity is less valued. In fact, it is abnormal for a girl to still remain a virgin until her wedding day. If a girl is still a virgin at twenty five, she is Often ridiculed, whereas, in traditional middle Asian societies, virginity is still a big deal. Men want their brides to be virgins, and their women to be covered modestly. In Africa, some societies still highly appreciate a virgin bride. Historically, in most African cultures, a bride is supposed to be a virgin, but that ideology is changing drastically. In my survey often Nigerian men (20 to 25 years old), when asked if they prefer to marry only a virgin, only two out often men from Nigeria answered, yes! Two of them will appreciate it, but would not care if their brides are not virgins while the rest of them dismissed the idea that virginity is important for marital satisfaction. In a survey published in London on The Economic Times titled, Asians Losing their Virginity (07/04/2007). The report as shoved bellow, even though it does not specie/ if the participants were married or not before losing their virginity, it is still a reflection of the value attached to virginity in those countries. People in Asian countries, including India, lose their virginity at a much older age than those in the West, according to a worldwide study of sexual behavior and contraceptive use published today(Asians). Malaysian were the Oldest to lost their virginity at 23. 0 years Old, followed by Indians (22. 9) Singapore (22. 8), Chinese (22. 1), This (20. 5), Hong Congers (20. 2), Nigerian (19. 7) and Japanese (19. ) (Asians). On average, age for first having sex was 19. 5, according to the study The Glo bal Face of Sex, compiled by Dared Network, the social marketing arm of SSL International, which manufactures Dared condoms (Asians). The Austrian were the first to lose their virginity at 17. 3 years old, followed by Brazilian (17. 4), Germans (17. 6), New Slanderer (17 8), Australians (17. 9) and Americans (18. 0). But despite waiting longer, Malaysian came top among those who said they were the most ready for sex (41. 5 per cent), followed by the Dutch, Greeks, Americans and Australians. In contrast, Japanese, Nigerian, This and .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .postImageUrl , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:hover , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:visited , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:active { border:0!important; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:active , .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44 .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub84c304073e59e9d4b9171920a4baa44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby Symbolism EssayHong Congers said were the least ready for first sexual experience, with less than 13 per cent saying they were comfortable with losing their virginity when they did, Meanwhile, more than a third of Nigerian (37,S per cent) said they felt pressured into losing their virginity by far the highest percentage (Asians). In conclusion, I have observed that, families and men in countries with high context culture, for example, Mid-Asians that value religion and morals tend to value virginity in unmarried women more than in countries with low context cultures, for example, Europeans, that religion and morals has less influence. The other thing have construed from this search is that, there is a general tendency of men becoming more less concerned about the necessity of their bride to be a virgin. In my opinion, it is a good for young girls to keep their virginity for their future husbands, but it is unfair, for a man Who is sexually active to demand for a virgin bride.

National Identification System Essays - Genetics, Biometrics, DNA

National Identification System Essays - Genetics, Biometrics, DNA National Identification System Should a national identification system in which each Americans DNA pattern is registered be established? Has the U.S. come to the point where we have to devise a national identification system in which everyones DNA pattern is registered in a network of computers? I believe so, and the process of using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea. This identification system could be used to offer new jobs, put criminals - who are guilty - in jail, and also provide people with medical information about themselves and their health. I believe using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea, even better than fingerprints. Although every human being is 99.9% identical, that .1% left makes a big difference between two people. By using a genome of 3 billion letters your DNA chain that tenth (.1%) is actually three million separate links in your DNA chain. That is how the difference between two people is figured out. I know its a difficult process, but it can be very useful in our society today, and that is why I think it is a very good idea. Although the identification system is a very complicated matter it could open up doors for job opportunities, for people that qualify. People that are qualified for the job might have to be: computer literate, able to work long hours, reliable and trustworthy to run sophisticated and expensive machinery, and have a background of knowledge of the DNA chain and patterns among it. Also, probably being a government funded job, benefits would be available, and the pay wouldnt be too bad either. Fingerprints are very useful in burglary and property crimes, but what about a rape case? Fingerprints wouldnt be very useful in a rape case, so DNA testing would have to be done on semen samples found at the scene of a crime. Fingerprint variations are spectacular and were considered state of the art about 10 years ago, but not any more. Now we are capable of reading DNA patterns, and DNA is a hard thing to fight against in court when a persons DNA and the DNA found at a crime scene are identical. DNA patterns are also useful when searching for diseases or types of cancer that a person might be subject too in their older age. So by using DNA as a national identification system we could also provide people with important information about their health and what they are to suspect in the future. Also if a person knew about a type of cancer they might be subject too, they could tell a doctor and treat the cancer before it comes about and be cured of the cancer before it even started to effect their life. DNA patterns, as a national identification system isnt a bad idea. Having many good qualities, Im sure there are bad qualities, but it seems like a very useful idea that could benefit todays society. So, I think a national identification system by using a persons DNA pattern is a good idea and if came to the poles for election, would sure get my vote. Bibliography none

How Should Albatross Anchor Overcome Its Business Challenges Case Study

How Should Albatross Anchor Overcome Its Business Challenges - Case Study Example The current time management process at Albatross Anchor is poor and outdated. There are a lot of inefficiencies in manufacturing. The changeover time required from one anchor type to another is as large as 36 hours. This implies that the company may be spending more time in set-up rather than manufacturing. No doubt the lead time of the products manufactured by the company for bulk orders is 3-4 weeks. These inefficiencies in time management have a huge impact on its profit margins and customer satisfaction.The most obvious and the best way of time management is to reduce set-up time. It is recommended that Albatross Anchor uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dyes) methodology. The idea behind this methodology is to reduce set-up time to less than a minute (which was later modified to a single digit). It may not be possible to literally reduce the set-up time to a single digit. The aim should reduce the set-up time realistically to as low as possible.SMED can be applied by Albatross Anchor by identifying the activities which can be performed externally i.e. not within the machine set up. These activities need to be performed before the changeover is required. This means deploying certain resources for performing these external activities in parallel while the other resources are working on the machine for current operation. All the wastes should be eliminated and each operation should be optimized. If Albatross can afford to make the capital investment, it needs to go for equipment which has the same basic parts and requires only a change of few parts (dyes) while changing over from one anchor to another. By following such steps, Albatross Anchor should be able to reduce its set up time from 36 hours to less than an hour.One of the biggest challenges in front of Albatross Anchor is the use of obsolete technology. Moreover, technology is not being used for several operations. This leads to safety issues, poor quality, long lead times, long set-up times, efficie ncy losses and customer dissatisfaction.The biggest need at the moment is to adopt the latest manufacturing technology.

Critical reading assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical reading assignment - Essay Example The scientist argued that the Jews-Muslim convivencia had contrasting political motives or goals. Some state that Jews and Muslim existed in fully harmony that time. Others state that they were under pressure all the time, and their rights were impaired. For better understanding the Jews position, Cohen in his article used a comparative approach, and in such way explained lots of gaps. Undoubtedly, it was the period of harmony existence of the Jews and the Muslims, but nevertheless there were some restrictions and exceptions. Cohen tries to show how different were life the Jews in Islamic and Christian world. According to the article, Jews had lots of rights in Muslim world, they were well informed and took part in Muslim courts and economic life, and at the same time their position among the Christian were between the horns of dilemma (Cohen 4). According to the archives, it is possible to make a conclusion that the Jews adopted in some way the elements of culture of the Muslims. It to study the culture of Jews carefully, it is possible to find many similarities between their culture and the culture of Muslims. Those who lived in the Christian lands suffered along the whole history. Those who lived in Ashkenazic world suffered much less than historians stated in theirs book. Cohen provides in the article much approval concerning this point. He claimed that they had rights; moreover, they had integrated some Christian motives into Judaism as well. It is essential to pay attention to what attitude Islam and Christianity had to the Judaism. Speaking about religion, Islam treated Judaism much more positively than Christianity. If we read the New Testament we can find that Jews were rejected on theological basis. The Qur’an is not rejecting religious pluralism, but at the same time considers Islam to be the prevailing religion. The difference is that Islam is monotheistic religion, as opposed to the Christianity, with its Trinity. The other significant diffe rence is that Muhammad died naturally in contrast to the Christ, who was crucified. These differences caused quite different attitude to the Jews and their position among the Reconquista Spain and the Ashkenazic lands (Cohen 4). The Jews had a legal status in Muslim world. They had to pay some per year taxes, they had no restrictions on the manifestation of their religion, they only had to wear a special clothes, in order to be recognized among Muslims. They were trusted enough to hold the official positions. There was a period when both the Jews and the Christian can participate in the political life of the Islamic states. They could be translators or diplomats. Cohen in his article pays especial attention to the economic factor. The Muslims and the Christians had absolutely different approach and attitude towards the Jews. The Jews were associated with luxury, they were international traders. But later they Christians developed bad attitude towards them. Quite different attitude c ould be noticed in the Islamic world. They not only served some goods, but also had some functions, wrote letters etc â€Å"For other reasons, too, Jews occupied a more stable and enduring place in the social order of Islam than they did in northern Christian Europe. Islam, like Christendom, is a hierarchical society. Jews occupied a place on the hierarchical ladder-- a lowly place but a place nonetheless. The same was true of Christendom in the early middle

Information Systems Essays Business Information Systems

Information Systems Essays Business Information Systems Business Information Systems (Technology, development and management for the e-business. Business Information Systems is business on the Internet for the benefit of all. It is essentially electronic business. The horizon of e-business encompasses the globe, free from the limited scope of customary bricks and mortar shops. It is the selling of products and services online, which is termed also as e-commerce.   Although the term â€Å"electronic commerce† is related more with business to consumer (B2C) applications IT has enabled this to cross over into the business-to-business (B2B) field as well. Through business information systems, purchasing processes are contoured to handle orders and their delivery, thus resulting in minimal paper work and labour required. Earlier, it was a practice to do business in hard copy for invoices and purchase orders. Now, documents in bulk, with particular format or data keying, are transferred electronically. A business can manage its Catalogue online by maintaining it up-to-date and current on its supplies, prices, discounts, without reprinting its catalogues. The Fine food Company, an established name in the food industry has finally made up its mind to run its business activities on the escalator of latest technology, to keep abreast with the changing times. Earlier, it was operating its business on a paper-based traditional set up. The company wants to increase its turnover by 10% and net profits to 9 per cent and hopes to be accredited for BS5750 within next 6 months. This decision of the management of the Fine Food Company (FFC) will certainly increase its reputation. A food conglomerate has to cater to a varied customer base through its shops and supermarkets, catering to standard and priority orders for quick delivery. A food company, working in a traditional set up has to handle its sales activities through its sales persons, who receive orders, payments, see through the orders to their fulfillment and answer routine questions. Customers are categorized geographically, depending on a customer’s type and product demand. A sales head can change his mindset to change a customer into a different category at any moment. The Fine Food Company has appointed an Information systems expert, to manage the affairs of the smooth running of its newly created IT department. In a paper-based communication, order processing can be quite a cumbersome procedure to follow. Order copies have to be retained by sales people and sent to the warehousing and distribution departments in date-wise format so that at the time of delivery, they are accompanied with an invoice and consignment note. The delivery man has to bring back a signed copy of the consignment. Warehousing involves keeping the produce in different temperature zones and shifting the goods to different locations, upkeep of raw products and finished goods. Card files have to be maintained manually whenever updating is required. David Jenkins has to see that all these complexities can be removed by opting for different solutions that go along with the FFC scheme to incorporate those software solutions with a range of proprietary software like Epicor eWarehouse. A food company’s manufacturing process involves simple repackaging to not so simple enlisting of detail of different recipes.   Keeping this in mind, software should integrate with the central system. To run a micro supply chain, different interfaces are required for the stability of the product. Otherwise, the finances of a food company that is still working on obsolete, labour intensive framework, could be quite complex to handle. Accounts payable are managed with a manual purchase ledger. Financial accounting has to be done by following the legal accounting requirements and Management accounting, which is must to know the inside of the food joint’s accounting information – essential to control a company’s finances. All this requires up-to-date maintenance of manual sales ledger and preparation of weekly reports on the customer’s financial records. Inventory was also checked against its distributor’s location. FFC has multiple distributors, having varied processes at their locations. An e-business food company like Fine Foods may want to know the details of their product’s price, name of the buyer and  Ã‚   the location. Software solutions like Epicor provide a mirror to adjustment transactions. â€Å"Epicor eWarehouse has enabled us to mirror our inventory in remote locations, and we have automated the process of the shipping and receiving of data,† says Cummings of B.C. Hot House. Working of a food house is complex in nature. Farmers sell their products to them; suppliers replenish the stock of packaging material. The entire process of managing the graded and semi-graded products of a range of growers is an uphill task. It involves putting the goods into bins, categorizing them into different packing material etc. To fulfill the demand, and gain a competitive edge over other players in the food industry, FFC has numerous options and tools to choose from like e-business software solution providers Movex B2B solutions. Core ERP solutions offer dialogue with the customers and add value to the business through information via the Internet. Another important tool in the e-commerce arena is Data Synchronization. Leading food giant companies are pushing their suppliers to enlist for electronic data interchange (EDI). As there is a high risk of committing errors in maintaining data manually because different departments have no identical way to save product information. Labour intensive methods of compiling and reconciling the data are prone to human errors. The example of Wal-Mart in data synchronization is a prime example for the Industry to follow. Randy Salley, Vice President of Wal-Mart Information Systems has supported the industry standards set by the GSMP choosing UCCnet as their GS1 GDSN Certified recipient data pool. Implementation of this technology is going to result in exact purchase orders, better invoice matching, better than before replacement of stocks. The process has been made easier than before with the arrival of IBM, GXS and other players developing Product Information Management (PIM) systems. There is the example of Sun Valley Foods, a Division of Cargill, which has also opted for B2B to improvise on its food product’s development and distribution. It has gone for Supply Chain Management (SCM) as well. The software solution has facilitated a safe hosting extranet along with a personalized portal interface, allowing space for product packaging, marketing and research. It will result in better collaboration between different departments such as warehousing, distribution and sales, removing hindrances like determination of the status of an order, late delivery, incomplete orders and wrong products, which were faced earlier. Now, Warehousing would be prioritizing big orders to small ones to speed marketing and on the whole transaction flow. The information technology platform offers a centralized web-based repository of reporting tools, resulting in no manufacturing delays. The SCM technologies improve the grading of a product as well as its marketing timing. The Internet facilitates the booking of orders at once to all departments, to proceed to realize it without getting involved in lengthy phone calls. Websites are used as a marketing tool, to offer the retail customers a place to visit the gallery of products and a platform for wholesalers for ordering information, an online catalogue and online order forms. All this is not possible on a traditional platform of working through hard copy. Now, orders are placed with a user name and password and then forwarded to fill an online purchase form. In fact, it is a wonderful example of assimilation of technology – developed and managed efficiently. Intranets help sales people to know the current financial and sales effect. Real-time financial reports can be generated, eliminating the scope of incomplete sales returns, making Management Accounting an easy task, as accurate information can be accessed and forwarded to all departments. Late publishing of accounts, due to wrong information, is never an issue. Internet and intranet applications have resulted in solid savings and better efficiency. Within the company, the intranet financial report application gives the management sufficient time to go through information in the generated reports and work out a strategy/response accordingly. Future Benefits – The Fine Food Company is hopeful to benefit by the introduction of the latest technology. Benefits include online access to latest information on the inventory, customer contact, credit status, order position and online nets. It will offer to work on system-to-system basis with big clients who have their own ERP solutions, resulting in contouring of EDI process. XML will enable the swapping of invoices, buying orders and shipping notices straight to the clients, online. Smaller customers will also benefit through e-business solutions via the Internet. As they don’t have ERP systems, companies would be able to offer additional customer service through their reach to accounts and sales statistics information over the Internet. Big retailers would be able to forecast their demands through the Internet. Once this becomes possible allover the supply line, the company’s e-business infrastructure will be in a position to forecast their stock needs according to their actual demands, resulting in optimization of stocks. Companies can march towards appreciable consumer response and Vendor Managed Inventory, enjoying the benefits of technology and development processes. Future forecasting for large retailers is quite bright, as e-business infrastructure will enable them to place their orders straight to the supplier, through the Internet. Conclusion: The trend of opting for e-business is catching speed. Businesses are using different forms of Internet-supported services like e-procurement, e-mailing and websites, saving a great deal of time and cost. A business can solve its customer’s technical hardware and software problems by working on virtual computer systems. This trend is going to continue with the advent of latest technologies like Internet enabled cell phones and PDAs. Bibliography: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ebusiness.htmhttp://www.istart.co.nz/b2b-ecommerce.htm#OV)http://www.istart.co.nz/index/HM20/PC0/PV21902/EX245/AR27992http://www.opentext.com/news/pr.html?id=1143)http://www.istart.co.nz/index/HM20/PC0/PV21872/EX232/CS2161

Indian Middle Class And Shopping Essay

For the current generation of consumers, the meaning of shopping has changed. It is not just a mere necessity, as it was earlier, but much more than that. The factors that affect store choice and draw customers to the shopping centre include space, ambience, and convenience and moreover an array of choice under one roof. The growth of integrated shopping malls, retail chains and multi-brand outlets is evidence of consumer behaviour being favourable to the growing organized segment of the business. Space, ambience and convenience are beginning to play an important role in drawing customers. Malls, which are now anchored by large outlets such as Westside and Lifestyle and are resided by a lot of Indian and international brands, are also being seen as image benchmarks for communities. Today retailing in India is done through a vast number of unorganized retailers with over 12 million retails outlets spread across the country in various sizes and formats. India has the largest retail density with 9 stores available for every 1000 people. The Indian retail industry is providing 8% of the countries employment with its vast distribution of retail stores across the country. The retailing in India is undergoing a gradual change as market conditions and technological developments combined with affluent, highly mobile and time starved consumers are playing an important role in the changes happening in the retail sector in India. Marketplaces in urban demographic settings attract large number of buyers and sellers, which can be termed as market thickness. Co-existence of many shopping malls along with traditional markets in a marketplace causes market congestion. The co-existence of street markets and the rise of shopping malls have been major trends of retailing in developing countries for decades. However, the increasing emphasis on growing cities with contemporary marketplaces have induced shift of agglomeration format (AF) from a marketing perspective, including the consumer preferences on routes to market. There are some generic similarities and conceptual differences between street markets and shopping malls. The AF-specific characteristics perceived by consumers lead to the change in consumer behavior towards markets preferences for shopping. In centrally managed and enclosed shopping centers in the retailing sector, eight underlying factors of varying character that drive customer satisfaction are selection of market outlet, atmosphere, convenience, sales people, refreshments, location, promotional activities and merchandising policy. FACTORS THAT AFFECT / INFLUENCE CONSUMERS BEHAVIOUR TO BUY IN MALLS. A person is likely to be influenced in making his/ her purchase decisions if he/ she is accompanied by another individual while making a shopping trip. There are many factors that play a vital role in consumers â€Å"decision making†. Some of the prominent among the factors are the image of the store, risk associated with the consumers in purchasing the product and the price perception of consumers on the store or about the product category. Store image contain by many elements like the stores opening and closing time, the availability. The risk factor plays an important role in making the decisions for the product that are new or untried by the consumers so far. Perceived risk is the expected negative utility associated with the purchase of a particular brand.

Norton Lilly International: Written Case Essay

​Norton Lilly is an international shipping agency. They have 37 regional offices, which provided service to ships in 70 ports located in North America, Caribbean, Pacific, and the Middle East. Their services consist of booking freight for export, clearing inbound cargo with U.S. customs, fueling vessels, restocking vessels with supplies and provisions, and arranging cargo-handling services. The company started way back in 1841, 150 years ago to this case’s time period, starting with John Norton. In 1907, the company expanded to include the Lilly family. In 1925, the company expanded to become international, with the opening of a Norton Lilly office in Panama. In 2010, Norton Lilly is the market share leader. 1. ​Norton Lilly has been successful as a company for their entire 150 years of existence. This is an achievement by itself. Most companies are not continually successful for more than a decade, with economies, struggle to compete, technology advancements, and leadership/ownership. The one thing that stands out about Norton Lilly is the overpowering emphasis on having successful leadership in the company. When Norton Lilly slowed and had a $2.6 million net loss in 2006, they looked at what had been successful, and because of outside acquisitions of agencies, a lack of focus on bottom-line performance, and a poor focus on operational performance, they began a turnaround. Starting with good leaders, Norton Lilly used an executive board of 9 to spread a new, focused strategy of overall performance, and utilized these committee members as the leaders for their regions. ​Norton Lilly, however, has some downfalls. Because of the new emphasis of a â€Å"balanced scorecardâ₠¬  and â€Å"KPI†, the performance needed to be tracked, and with there being over 37 regional offices and 70 ports, interference was prevalent. Tracking performance is one achievement, but utilizing the information and using it to improve future performance is another aspect in itself. Settling with good when you are market share leader is not a good game plan, and why Jim Burton told the company’s Vice President that he still had concern about the company’s ability to execute its strategy with the highest level of proficiency. The company’s compensation system had yet to be retooled to  closely link rewards for all employees at every level to the KPIs. There were also questions about to what extent the culture change had been fully ingrained in the managerial mind-set. The quote from Baldwin, the VP, stating, â€Å"knowing only one way to grow—sell, sell, sell. They now need to understand the tools of growth beyond simple expansion. Someone will need to provide that creativity and leadership.† 2.  Norton Lilly fell into a short fall in 2006. The series of acquisitions, joint ventures, and internal expansion initiatives led by Thurber and Rutherford had allowed the company to raise revenues to $41 million. This, however, was countered by acquisitions outside the company’s core business, failures to effectively integrate acquired shipping agencies, and inadequate attention to operational performance, and a low focus on bottom-line performance had put the company in a very dangerous position. The company ended up with a $2.6 million net loss. 3.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Norton Lilly’s strategy involves segmenting their services into 3 different business units: Liner, Ship Services, and Overseas. By doing this, they were able to clearly identify the services of each unit, and they can more effectively analyze and run their overall business, Norton Lilly. ​The Liner Services, known as the â€Å"bus service†, provided various services to container ships that carried dry cargo in and out of U.S. ports of call. These ships were often referred to as the industry’s â€Å"bus service† since the oceangoing liners maintained regularly scheduled routes between ports and carried containers of whatever goods that had been booked for a specific date. Liner customers were typically foreign-based companies with established ocean trade routes to and from the U.S. that chose not to set up their own administrative offices within the U.S. It was frequently less expensive to foreign shipping firms to outsource support ser vices to Norton Lilly. Norton Lilly’s service to outbound liner customers includes booking freight, preparing and transmitting bills for lading, and completing shipping manifests for outgoing vessels. Norton Lilly also provided services for inbound ships, including notifying U.S. Customs and consignees of an  impending cargo arrival, collecting freight charges from consignees, and clearing all cargo with U.S. customs. Lastly, Norton Lilly prepares truck and/or rail services to move cargo inland. ​The Ship Service was known as the â€Å"taxi service†. The services operated on car carriers, tankers, and bulk cargo vessels that scheduled shipments to and from U.S. ports based on demand rather than a defined timetable. Services included fueling vessels, providing crew transport to and from vessels, arranging crew medical services, restocking vessels with supplies and provisions, handling cargo, and arranging tugs to navigate vessels in and out of port. Difference between Liner and Ship services is Liner focuses on cargo, whereas Ship focused more on vessel. ​Overseas division offered both liner and ship services to vessels entering and departing ports serviced b y Norton Lilly that were outside the U.S. Ports were located in the Caribbean, Panama, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dubai, Jordan, Basra, and Iraq. ​Norton Lilly’s strategy aligns closely with